Swirls: James Prez's Ode to Duchamp

Swirls: Three and a Quarter by Three and a Quarter at 150 dpi (After Marcel Duchamp) is an artist book created by James Prez. The book was created in 2008 and published in Brooklyn, NY by the Black East Press. This is the seventh copy out of a limited edition series of 12, all of which are signed and numbered by the artist.

Introduction

The book Swirls: Three and a Quarter by Three and a Quarter at 150 dpi (After Marcel Duchamp) is held in the Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts located on the fifth and sixth floors of the Van Pelt-Dietrich Library at the University of Pennsylvania. This particular copy was directly acquired from Prez by the library. Prez’s book is a unique artist book that challenges traditional expectations of what a book should or could be. The following is a description on the books form, content, interpretation, and structure.

Understanding the Artist Book

Intrinsically, the artist book engages two roles – the one of the artist and the one of the writer. In that combination comes the complication of two worlds – art and publishing. The “Art Book” or “Artist Book” pushes the idea of what both art and a book is. What is art as we know it? The idea of “Art” itself comes with a multitude of common misconceptions and preconceptions, such that art is meant to be only on display, for the elite, only about beauty or about skill. The same goes for preconceptions about “Books,” such as it must have a traditional codex structure, with pages bound between two covers with written text and a linear narrative.

The “Art Book” challenges the nature of art and books as we know it. Often, when one encounters art, there features a sign reading, “Do Not Touch.” In this case, where art is treated as a book, it offers an unique opportunity to appreciate the carefully crafted content up close, allowing for close inspection and interaction. This approach to art allows it to be touched and fully experienced, breaking down the traditional barrier between the subject and object.

Artist’s books are created by artists, thus, as a work of art in itself. Blending visual and literary arts in a way that challenges what a book is, these books are not merely a collection of images, words, or graphics, but rather works of art in their own right. Their nature, as a result, is highly conceptual or experimental, as their format and design is integral to the relaying of the meaning and message. They can vary in size, shape, and content, and are often handmade or produced in small editions, making them potentially sought after for collections and collectors. Some take the form of traditional books, while others may take on more sculptural exhibition-style qualities.

Most of all, they offer the experience of art in a more intimate and tactile way, playing an important part in explorations of the possibilities of the medium and pushing the boundaries as to what a book is and can be.

James Prez: Visual Author

James Prez is a visual artist and author born and raised in Philadelphia. He earned his MFA from the Visual Studies Workshop in Rochester, NY. His work has since been exhibited at many museums such as the DUMBO Arts Center and Printed Matter. His pieces are featured in many prestigious collections, such as the Museum of Modern Art or the Pennsylvania Museum of Art. He describes himself as an “Art fiddler/publihser” and works at Back East Press in Brooklyn, where he continues his legacy of vanguard production.

Prez constantly critiques, in a satirical manner, popular cultures. His other works include “Dis a Way..Dat a Way,” an artist book filled with photographs of street signs and directions commenting on traditional navigation as well as a flip-book narrative of found photographs from the 1970s titled “Don’t Hang Up!!”.

Swirls: Three and a Quarter by Three and a Quarter at 150 dpi (After Marcel Duchamp)

This series has 12 editions, and at the University of Pennsylvania is the seventh. Within this specific size and dpi, there are 21 loose leaf laser printed cardboard cutouts three and a quarter square inches each of distorted swirled photographs. Furthermore, there contains a magnet with an optical illusion with six circles attached to the plastic box. When the box is opened and closed, the circles disappear and reappear in different sizes and colors. Paying homage to Marcel Duchamp’s rotoreliefs, Prez honors the legacy of visual cultures.

Prez made this series in different sizes and dpi’s. Printed Matter holds the signed and numbered sixth edition out of 6. “Swirls: Six and a Quarter by Six and a Quarter at 72 dpi: After Marcel Duchamp.” This version contains an ornate porcelain dish and the magnet. As Printed Matter notes, “With Swirls (After Marcel Duchamp), Prez both satirizes and pays homage to the history of visual culture while positioning himself within Duchamp’s artistic legacy.”

Influences and Inspirations

As it notes in its title, Swirls: Three and a Quarter by Three and a Quarter at 150 dpi (After Marcel Duchamp), is inspired by Marcel Duchamp’s Rotoreliefs. The book is quite interpretative, yet it offers the reader some hints as to understanding it and its references. The University of Pennsylvania has provided a folded document as to what exactly the Rotoreliefs looked like. Duchamp’s Rotoreliefs were a series of optical illusions created by the French Artist in the 1920s. They were essentially spinning discs that were designed to create the illusion of three-dimensional objects when viewed through a small opening or slot. Similar to Prez’s creation, each Rotorelief was a circular cardboard disc with a series of abstract designs printed on it. When the disc was spun on a turntable or other motorized device, the design appeared to move and create the illusion of depth and dimensionality.

Interpretation and Analysis

Once the book is opened, it is made clear that it is all an optical illusion due to the magnetic display on the so-called front cover. However, it is an optical illusion that you can play with. Through the loose leaf square discs, one is able to tile them, compare them, or just look at one or the other. This no specific order already departs from a typical book as we know it. However, it contains an idea and a purpose. WHile the cover might be plastic with hinges instead of a spine, and loose lead cardboard cut out images instead of connected word filled pages, its purpose is recognition.

Take the popular Kindergarten phrase, “Show and don’t tell.” Prez’s creation does just that. It shows a point can be made in references and visual language. Its message is not clear, and just like Duchamp’s rotoreliefs, it is open to interpretation and may vary depending on the viewer’s perspective. In this case, there is not one way to read it. However, there is one general message of Prez’s artist book – to challenge traditional notions of art and perception through alternative visual approaches and optical illusions. In creating discs supposed to simulate three-dimensional objects, Prez questions not only the limits and two-dimensional aspects of books, but also the fact that both art and books must represent recognizable objects or narratorial subjects in a realistic way. Prez explored the concept that a book can be more abstract and subjective, and that the reader’s perception plays a critical role in shaping the experience of the book.

Reading through Form and Structure

There are different pieces that make up this artist book: the plastic container, the cardboard cutouts and the illusionary magnet. In all of these elements, Prez continues to probe the structures a book can take as well as the ways in which the public can interact and understand it.

The Plastic Box and its Faces

The container, or rather cover, for this book is a black plastic box, 10 x 10 x 3 cm. It replaces the spine with hinges. On the top of the box is a title sticker – a taped on rotorelief with words. It reads, “Swirls / Three and a Quarter / by / Three and a Quarter / at 150 dpi. / (After Marcel Duchamp) / James PREZ / Back East Press / 2008.” Due to the size and materiality of the container itself, the book has a sense of durability and mobility. The box itself has no visible markings or signs of wear other than the slight scratches that appear on the plastic. The material itself shows a signal of modern production. The use of plastic is an indicator that this book steps into a new mechanical age and signals modern production. The hard-nature of the plastic proves a stark contrast to the readability of a typical codex book. As opposed to the interior, which is highly interactive, fueled by movement, the exterior is firm and sets its place.

However, the plastic box is a vehicle for further aesthetic capabilities. Prez utilizes the maximum amount of space with a small area to work with. Not only does it house the