Flap Anatomies

Introduction

Flap Anatomies explore the genre of 3D printed texts, inviting viewers and readers to participate in the movement of internal organs and various body parts. A flap anatomy can be defined as any paper-based printed image containing more than one layer, illustrating any part of human anatomy, often used for virtual autopsies and exploring human dissection. Other commonly used terms are “moveable books,” “fugitive sheets,” “pop-up books,” and “cut-out overlays.” Starting with their first emergence in the early 16th century, flap anatomies have completely revolutionized the way the general public perceives the human body. Additionally, it generated a new and complex technology that allowed for advancement and exploration of the medical field, proving to be extremely beneficial for students, doctors, and teachers alike.

Interest in human anatomy grew immensely during the sixteenth century in Europe. This was during the bustling Renaissance period, in which major advancements were made in the fields of science, technology, and art. These scientific advancements, however, also lead to scientific curiosities. As scientists chipped away at this biological mystique, they found that illustration was an efficient way to spread their knowledge to a broader audience. However, there was a common struggle and barrier in understanding: how to accurately depict the body’s three-dimensional structure on a flat piece of paper, (Gardiner, Bryan). Although 2D images may be helpful, they also hindered complete comprehension. This problem was easily solved by flap anatomies, where superimposed sheets created multiple dimensions for viewers to analyze and understand, (“Anatomy,” Duke University Libraries). By adding a sense of touch in addition to a sense of sight, the images became more realistic, and therefore easier to follow. Ironically, it was not only doctors and professionals that took an interest in the anatomical pamphlets. These flap illustrations actually attracted a much wider audience, seeking general education stemming from lack of knowledge or curiosity, (Anatomical Fugitive Sheets). Simply, the public was unaware of how their bodies truly functioned. The creation of flap anatomies answered many questions, solved many mysteries, and transformed Europe’s biological understanding.