The Golden Touch
Overview
The Golden Touch is a short story written by renowned American author Nathaniel Hawthorne. Originally published in 1851 as part of his collection A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys,[1] the story is a retelling of the ancient Greek myth of King Midas, a ruler who was granted the power to turn everything he touched into gold. Hawthorne's adaptation has become one of his most enduring and beloved tales for children, capturing the imaginations of generations of readers. The edition under examination was published in 1939 by Peter Pauper Press, a small private press founded by Peter and Edna Beilenson in 1928. The press was known for its commitment to creating fine, limited edition books using high-quality materials and traditional craftsmanship, while still maintaining affordable prices. This approach exemplified the ideals of the private press movement that flourished in the early 20th century, which sought to counter the mass production of books by focusing on the art and craft of bookmaking.[2]
Physical Description and Production
Binding and Exterior
The 1939 Peter Pauper Press edition of The Golden Touch is a small folio volume, measuring approximately 10 inches in height. The book's exterior is bound in a luxurious cream silk cloth, carefully chosen for its smooth, supple texture and elegant appearance. The silk cloth binding is a testament to the press's commitment to using high-quality materials that not only look beautiful but also provide a tactile pleasure for the reader. The gentle sheen of the silk catches the light, creating a subtle luster that enhances the book's overall aesthetic appeal. Upon closer inspection, the silk cloth shows signs of delicate wear, particularly along the edges and corners of the covers. These minor imperfections serve as a reminder of the book's age and the passage of time, adding to its charm and character. The spine of the book features a paper label, a traditional method for displaying the title and author's name in fine press books of this era. Although the label has faded over time, its presence adds a touch of classic sophistication to the book's exterior, harkening back to a time when books were crafted with meticulous attention to detail.
Paper and Typography
As one opens the book, the true artistry of the Peter Pauper Press becomes evident. The text is printed on Canson and Montgolfier mould-made paper, a high-quality stock produced by the renowned French paper mill founded by the Canson and Montgolfier families in the 16th century. This paper is celebrated for its durability, luxurious texture, and ability to beautifully showcase the printed word and illustrations.[3] The choice of this paper reflects the press's dedication to selecting materials that not only ensure the longevity of the book but also provide an optimal reading experience. The pages of The Golden Touch feature a deckle edge, a slightly rough, uneven edge that mimics the look of handmade paper. This detail adds to the book's artisanal feel, as if each page has been carefully crafted by skilled hands. The deckle edge also serves a practical purpose, as it helps to protect the pages from damage and wear over time, ensuring that the book can be enjoyed for generations to come. The text itself is set by hand in Lutetia type, a serif font that exudes elegance and readability. The choice of Lutetia is a testament to the press's understanding of the importance of typography in creating a harmonious reading experience. The font's graceful curves and well-balanced proportions complement the generous margins that surround the text, creating a visually pleasing layout that invites the reader to immerse themselves in the story.
Illustrations and Ornamentation
Throughout the book, several color illustrations bring Hawthorne's tale to life. These illustrations, rendered with delicate lines and vibrant hues, not only complement the text but also provide a visual interpretation of the story, enhancing the reader's imagination and engagement with the narrative. The use of gold accents in the illustrations is particularly striking, as it echoes the central theme of the story—the allure and danger of unbridled greed. The gold catches the light, shimmering and gleaming as one turns the pages, creating a sense of opulence and wonder that perfectly captures the essence of the tale. The illustrations are a testament to the skill and artistry of the illustrators who worked with the Peter Pauper Press. Each image is carefully composed, with a keen eye for detail and a deep understanding of the story's themes and motifs. The placement of the illustrations throughout the book is also carefully considered, ensuring that they appear at key moments in the narrative, enhancing the reader's experience without disrupting the flow of the text. In addition to the illustrations, the book features decorative initials and ornaments that add a touch of whimsy and charm to the pages. These design elements, often incorporating floral or geometric patterns, are reminiscent of the decorative arts of the early 20th century, when the private press movement was at its height. They serve to break up the text and provide visual interest, making the book a delight to behold as well as to read.The overall design and production of the 1939 Peter Pauper Press edition of The Golden Touch is a testament to the press's commitment to creating books that are not merely vehicles for the transmission of a story, but works of art in their own right. Every element, from the choice of materials to the layout and design, has been carefully considered and executed with the utmost skill and dedication. The result is a book that is a pleasure to hold, to behold, and to read, a true treasure that exemplifies the enduring beauty and value of the printed word.
Historical Context and Significance
The Great Depression and the Arts
The publication of the 1939 edition of The Golden Touch by Peter Pauper Press is deeply rooted in the historical context of the United States during the Great Depression. This period, spanning from 1929 to 1939, was marked by unprecedented economic hardship, widespread unemployment, and social upheaval. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 had triggered a domino effect, leading to the collapse of banks, businesses, and industries, leaving millions of Americans struggling to make ends meet.[4] Against this backdrop of economic despair, the arts and literature took on a new significance. Many Americans turned to books, music, and art as a means of escape, seeking solace and inspiration in the face of adversity. The private press movement, which had its roots in the Arts and Crafts movement of the late 19th century, experienced a resurgence during this time, as people sought to celebrate the enduring values of craftsmanship, beauty, and the human spirit.[5]
Peter Pauper Press and the Private Press Movement
Peter Pauper Press, founded by Peter and Edna Beilenson in 1928, was one of the many private presses that emerged during this period. The Beilensons shared a deep love for books and a commitment to creating works of art that were accessible to a wide audience. They believed that books should be not only beautiful but also affordable, a radical idea in an era when fine press books were often priced beyond the reach of the average reader.[6] The press's decision to publish The Golden Touch in 1939 can be seen as a reflection of the times. Hawthorne's tale, with its themes of greed and the importance of valuing the truly precious things in life, would have resonated deeply with readers struggling to make sense of a world turned upside down by economic hardship. The story's message, that true wealth lies not in material possessions but in the love and compassion we show to others, was a powerful reminder of the enduring values that sustain us in times of crisis.
Legacy in American Book Design
The 1939 edition of The Golden Touch also holds significance in the broader history of American book design and production. The private press movement, which sought to revive the traditions of hand craftsmanship and fine bookmaking, played a crucial role in shaping the course of American book design in the 20th century. By emphasizing the importance of quality materials, thoughtful design, and collaborative craftsmanship, presses like Peter Pauper Press helped to elevate the book as an art form and set new standards for the industry as a whole.[7] The legacy of the private press movement can be seen in the work of countless book designers, typographers, and publishers who followed in its footsteps, from the mid-20th century to the present day. The values and ideals embodied by presses like Peter Pauper Press continue to inspire and inform the work of contemporary book artists and designers, who seek to create books that are not merely functional but also beautiful, meaningful, and enduring. In this sense, the 1939 edition of The Golden Touch can be seen as a link in a long chain of tradition and innovation in American book design. It represents a moment in time when the art of the book was being redefined and reinvigorated by a group of dedicated craftsmen and women who believed in the power of beauty to transform lives and uplift the human spirit. By studying and appreciating this edition, we not only gain insight into the historical context of its creation but also connect with a rich legacy of creativity, skill, and passion that continues to shape the world of books to this day.
Themes and Interpretations
The Dangers of Greed and Materialism
Nathaniel Hawthorne's retelling of the King Midas myth in The Golden Touch is a timeless exploration of the dangers of unchecked greed and the importance of valuing the truly precious things in life. The story's central theme revolves around the folly of placing material wealth above all else, and the devastating consequences that can result from such misplaced priorities. At the heart of the tale is the character of King Midas, a ruler whose obsession with gold leads him to make a foolish wish. Midas, granted the power to turn everything he touches into gold, initially revels in his newfound ability, transforming his surroundings into a glittering, opulent world. However, his joy is short-lived, as he soon discovers the true cost of his golden touch. As Midas inadvertently transforms his food, drink, and even his beloved daughter into lifeless gold, he comes to realize the emptiness of his pursuit. The story poignantly illustrates that the things that truly matter in life—love, family, and the simple joys of nature—cannot be measured in terms of material wealth. Midas's tragic experience serves as a powerful reminder that an obsession with riches can ultimately lead to the loss of the very things that give life meaning and purpose. Hawthorne's tale can be interpreted as a critique of the materialistic values that often pervade society. By presenting Midas's story as a cautionary example, Hawthorne invites readers to reflect on their own priorities and to consider the true nature of happiness and fulfillment. The story suggests that true wealth lies not in the accumulation of gold or other material possessions, but rather in the cultivation of strong relationships, the appreciation of beauty, and the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom. This message would have held particular resonance for readers in 1939, during the height of the Great Depression. As millions of Americans struggled with poverty, unemployment, and the loss of their homes and savings, the idea that happiness and fulfillment could be found in non-material pursuits would have provided a source of comfort and hope. Hawthorne's story, with its emphasis on the enduring value of love and human connection, offered a timely reminder of the things that truly sustain us in times of hardship.
Art, Creativity, and the Pursuit of Perfection
Beyond its economic and social implications, The Golden Touch can also be read as a commentary on the nature of art and creativity. The story's depiction of Midas's golden touch can be seen as a metaphor for the artist's ability to transform the mundane into the extraordinary through the power of imagination and skill. However, Hawthorne's tale also warns of the dangers of artistic obsession, suggesting that the pursuit of perfection can sometimes lead to the loss of vitality and authenticity. This interpretation holds particular significance when considered in the context of the Peter Pauper Press edition of the story. As a product of the private press movement, which sought to revive the art and craft of bookmaking, this edition can be seen as a testament to the enduring value of creativity and skill in the face of mass production and commercialization. By creating a book that is both beautiful and meaningful, the artisans at Peter Pauper Press were engaging in their own form of alchemy, transforming the raw materials of paper, ink, and cloth into a work of art that transcends its physical components. Ultimately, The Golden Touch serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of balance and perspective in our lives. It encourages us to cherish the things that truly matter, to cultivate a sense of wonder and appreciation for the world around us, and to use our talents and resources in the service of something greater than ourselves. By presenting these themes in the form of a timeless myth, Hawthorne invites readers of all ages and backgrounds to engage with the story on a deep and personal level, and to find their own meaning and inspiration in its message.
Evidence of Readership and Circulation
The Inscription of Mary Alice Willoughby
The 1939 Peter Pauper Press edition of The Golden Touch provides fascinating insight into the book's readership and circulation through the presence of a personal inscription on the inside cover. The inscription, written in a neat, cursive hand, reads: "Mary Alice Willoughby, April 12, 1940". This simple yet evocative marking serves as a tangible link to the book's past, offering a glimpse into the life of one of its early owners and the circumstances surrounding its acquisition. The fact that Mary Alice Willoughby's name appears in the book, along with a specific date, suggests that she either purchased the book herself or received it as a gift in April of 1940, just one year after its publication. This inscription provides evidence that the book found an audience relatively quickly, indicating that Peter Pauper Press's efforts to create beautiful, affordable books were indeed successful in reaching a wide readership. The presence of a personal inscription also hints at the value placed on the book by its owner. The act of inscribing one's name in a book is a practice steeped in tradition, often signifying a sense of attachment or a desire to mark the book as a cherished possession. In this case, Mary Alice Willoughby's inscription can be seen as a testament to the book's importance in her life, whether as a treasured gift, a beloved story, or a prized addition to her personal library. Furthermore, the date of the inscription, April 12, 1940, holds particular significance when considered in the broader historical context. At this time, the United States was still in the grip of the Great Depression, with millions of Americans struggling to make ends meet. The fact that Mary Alice Willoughby was able to acquire a copy of The Golden Touch during this period suggests that the book's affordable price point, a hallmark of Peter Pauper Press's publishing philosophy, was indeed making fine books accessible to a wider audience. Moreover, the inscription's date, just a few months before the United States' entry into World War II, adds another layer of historical resonance to the book's provenance. As the nation stood on the brink of a global conflict that would reshape the course of history, the presence of this inscription serves as a poignant reminder of the enduring power of literature to provide solace, escape, and inspiration in times of uncertainty and upheaval. While the identity of Mary Alice Willoughby remains a mystery, her inscription serves as a powerful testament to the personal and cultural significance of books in the lives of individual readers. It invites us to imagine the circumstances under which she acquired the book, the joy and solace she may have found in its pages, and the place it held in her life and in the lives of those around her. The inscription also serves as a reminder of the vital role that books play in fostering a sense of connection and shared experience across time and space, as the story of King Midas and the lessons it imparts continue to resonate with readers across generations.
Preservation and the Role of Libraries and Archives
The excellent condition of the book itself, with minimal signs of wear and no marginalia or other marks, suggests that The Golden Touch was cherished and carefully preserved by its owners over the years. The lack of additional inscriptions or annotations indicates that the book was likely not passed down through multiple generations of readers, but rather was kept as a treasured possession by Mary Alice Willoughby or perhaps a small circle of subsequent owners. This careful preservation is a testament to the enduring appeal of finely crafted books and the value placed on them by readers who appreciate the artistry and skill involved in their creation. It also speaks to the timeless power of Hawthorne's story and the enduring relevance of its themes, which continue to captivate and inspire readers more than a century after its initial publication. The story of Mary Alice Willoughby's inscription and the journey of this particular copy of The Golden Touch through time also highlights the important role that libraries and archives play in preserving and providing access to the material history of books and reading. By collecting and cataloging books like this one, with their unique inscriptions, marginalia, and other evidence of readership and circulation, institutions like the University of Pennsylvania Libraries help to ensure that the personal and cultural significance of books is not lost to history. These markings and inscriptions, however small or seemingly insignificant, offer invaluable insight into the ways in which books have shaped the lives and experiences of individual readers and communities throughout history. They remind us that every book, every edition, and every copy has a story to tell, and that by preserving and studying these stories, we can gain a richer understanding of the enduring power and importance of literature in our lives.
Conclusion
The 1939 Peter Pauper Press edition of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Golden Touch stands as a remarkable testament to the enduring power of storytelling, the artistry of bookmaking, and the cultural significance of the private press movement in the early 20th century. This beautiful volume, with its luxurious silk binding, handmade paper, and elegant typography, embodies the highest ideals of the movement, which sought to revive the traditions of fine craftsmanship and to create books that were not merely vehicles for content, but works of art in their own right. The historical context in which this edition was produced, during the height of the Great Depression, adds another layer of significance to its creation and reception. In a time of widespread economic hardship and social upheaval, the Peter Pauper Press's commitment to making beautiful books accessible to a wide audience can be seen as a powerful statement of hope and resilience, affirming the enduring value of beauty, creativity, and the human spirit in the face of adversity. Hawthorne's timeless tale, with its themes of greed, sacrifice, and the true nature of happiness, would have held particular resonance for readers in 1939, offering a poignant reminder of the things that truly matter in life and the dangers of placing material wealth above all else. The story's message, that true fulfillment lies in the cultivation of love, wisdom, and appreciation for the simple joys of life, continues to speak to readers across generations, transcending the boundaries of time and culture. The evidence of readership and circulation found in this particular copy, in the form of Mary Alice Willoughby's inscription, adds yet another layer of meaning and significance to the book's history. This small but evocative marking serves as a tangible link to the book's past, inviting us to consider the personal and cultural significance it may have held for its early owners and the role it may have played in shaping their lives and experiences. The careful preservation of this volume over the years, as evidenced by its excellent condition, speaks to the enduring appeal of finely crafted books and the value placed on them by readers who appreciate the artistry and skill involved in their creation. It is a testament to the power of books to inspire, to educate, and to provide solace and enjoyment to readers across generations. Moreover, the 1939 Peter Pauper Press edition of The Golden Touch holds a significant place in the broader history of American book design and the private press movement. By embracing the ideals of the movement and creating a book that is both beautiful and accessible, the Peter Pauper Press helped to redefine the standards of American bookmaking and to inspire a new generation of artisans and designers who continue to push the boundaries of what is possible in the realm of fine press books. Today, as we continue to grapple with the challenges and uncertainties of our own time, the lessons and insights offered by this remarkable book remain as relevant and important as ever. Its themes of resilience, hope, and the enduring power of art and storytelling continue to inspire and uplift us, reminding us of the vital role that books and reading play in shaping our understanding of ourselves and the world around us.
References
- ↑ Hawthorne, Nathaniel. A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys. Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields, 1851.
- ↑ Cave, Roderick. The Private Press, 2nd edition. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1983, pp. 162-164.
- ↑ Bidwell, John. "Fine Paper at the Oxford University Press and the Bibliography of Fine Books." The Library s6-10, no. 3 (1988): 268-270.
- ↑ Watkins, T. H. The Great Depression: America in the 1930s. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1993, pp. 1-20.
- ↑ Thompson, Susan Otis. American Book Design and William Morris. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1977, pp. 118-125.
- ↑ Ransom, Will. Private Presses and Their Books. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1929, p. 327.
- ↑ Peterson, William S. The Kelmscott Press: A History of William Morris's Typographical Adventure. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991, pp. 273-283.